AZERBAIJAN
Azerbaijan: National Background, Culture and Economy
Introduction:
Established
in 1918 as the first democratic and secular republic of the Muslim world,
Azerbaijan joined the Soviet Union just two years later. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the
country regained its independence in 1991.
Azerbaijan
has a Muslim population of 95 per cent, of which 85 per cent are Shia Muslims
and 15 per cent are Sunni Muslims, giving it the world’s second-largest Shia
population after Iran.
Despite
a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan and Armenia have yet to resolve their dispute
over Nagorno-Karabakh, a predominantly Armenian-populated region that Russia recognized
as part of Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s after Armenia and Azerbaijan
disagreed over its status.
Azerbaijan,
with a population of 10,130,100, is bordered by Iran, Armenia, Russia and
Georgia.
Geography of Azerbaijan:
From
wetlands to high mountains, deserts to rich valleys, there’s something for
everyone. A large valley, centered around the Kura River, runs through the
country’s center. The Greater Caucasus Mountains to the north and the Lesser
Caucasus Mountains to the south border this valley, which opens to the east to
the Caspian Sea. Hazardous Dugi, at 4,467 m (14,656 ft.), is Azerbaijan’s
highest peak, whereas the Caspian Sea’s lowest point is – 28 m (-92 feet).
Capital of Azerbaijan:
Baku,
the largest city in the Caucasus region, is the capital of Azerbaijan, located
on the shores of the Caspian Sea.
Baku
is a major center of culture and trade in the Caucasus region, as well as a
major industrial city. Baku is the most important and largest port in the
Caspian Sea. Being a port city, it is
also an important center.
Languages in Azerbaijan:
Although
the official language of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani, which has the largest
number of Transcaucasian speakers. Anatolian Turkish, another Turkish language,
is spoken in a few settlements in Azerbaijan.
Other
languages, Lezgian, Tallish, Avar, Russian, Tat, tsakhur and khinalug.
Religions in Azerbaijan:
Azerbaijan
is a predominantly Muslim country. Shia makes up more than three-quarters of
the population, while Sunnis make up roughly one-third. The Russian Orthodox
Church, often known as the Armenian Orthodox Church, has a small population.
Economic of Azerbaijan:
Azerbaijan’s
economy has a score of 70.1, ranking it as the 38th most free in the
2021 Index. Its total score has risen by 0.8 points, owing mostly to improved
government integrity. Out of 45 European countries, Azerbaijan ranks 23rd
with an overall score equal to the regional average but higher than the global
average.
Azerbaijan’s
economy continues to benefit from increased economic openness. In 2021, the
country’s overall score crossed into the largely free category.
The Climate of Azerbaijan:
Azerbaijan
has a mild climate on average, mostly dry in low-lying areas, although the
mountains are cold and rainy. The Caspian Sea coast is semi-arid in the north
and desert in the center, but the southernmost section is rainy, making it an
exception to the rule that the plains of Azerbaijan are parched.
Azerbaijan’s
winters are chilly but not bitter, at least in the plains. The Caucasus
Mountain Range protects the interior of the country from the spread of cold
winds from Russia.
Like
Fuhn and Chinook, the north wind coming down from the mountains is hot and dry,
although the cold wind blows hard on the shore, the Caspian Sea softens it. In
the winter, however, there may be some light snowfalls and frosts along the
coast, but especially inland, where cold air can easily stagnate once the wind
has died down.
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